g e m b u l ' s

Unbrick WRT54GL Dengan Kabel Jtag Rakitan Sendiri

2011-09-18T15:59:00.003+07:00

Saat ini saya akan membagikan pengalaman unbrick WRT54GL V1.1, istilah unbrick secara sederhana adalah menghapus OS dalam memori ROM perangkat keras dan mengganti dengan OS yang baru, mengapa kita harus melakukan unbrick ? …. ada beberapa alasan kita melakukan unbrick yakni:

Kegagalan dalam upgrade firmware
Ingin mengganti OS pada ROM perangkat

Berikut ini langkah demilangkah dalam melakukan unbrick WRT54GL V1.1
1. Buka body WRT54GL, gunakan sedikit cara kekerasan dalam membukanya
2. Perhatikan gambar berikut, ada 12 Pin yang harus disolder dengan kabel tembaga dan menggunakan resistor 100 om

bahan-bahan yang dibutuhkan yakni solder, timah, kabel tembaga, konektor serial (LPT), resistor 100 om. Buatlah rangkaian seperti diatas
3. Setelah perangkat keras dirakit, selanjutnya download aplikasi untuk melakukan flasing http://www.dd-wrt.com/phpBB2/download.php?id=10251&sid=b4e9bedd2c92e2744...
isi dari file yang di download adalah:
LOADDRV.EXE
GIVEIO.SYS
tftp2.exe
jtag.exe
dd-wrt .v24 micro generic.bin
exstrak file yang di download tadi, semua kegiatan ini menggunakan sistem operasi Windows X.
4. copy file GIVEIO.SYS ke c:\windows\system32
dan jalankan LOADDRV dan di dalam box masukkan :
c:\windows\system32\GIVEIO.SYS
kemudian klik tombol install
5. Restart PC
6. Setelah restart jalankan kembali LOADDRV
c:\windows\system32\GIVEIO.SYS
dan klik tombol start
7. jalankan CMD (DOS)
8. Dari jendela DOS masuk ke folder tempat disimpannya jtag.exe (file yang di download tadi)
9. Jalankan perintah secara berurutan
jtag.exe -backup:cfe
setelah jalankan perintah diatas, cabut power WRT54GL kemudian hidupkan kembali, tunggu proses backup sekitar 2 menit
ketikkan perintah berikut secara berurutan
jtag.exe -erase:nvram /noreset / noemw
jtag.exe -erase:kernel /noreset /noemw
10. Cabut kabel power WRT54GL kemudian nyalakan kembali
11. Setting IP Address pada komputer 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 kemudian pasang kabel LAN ke PC dan WRT54GL, lakukan ping 192.168.1.1
12. Klik aplikasi tftp2.exe kemudian isi kolom IP 192.168.1.1 (IP WRT54GL)
13. Download file FW_WRT54GL_4.30.14.005_US_20091026.bin di http://homedownloads.cisco.com/downloads/firmware/FW_WRT54GL_4.30.14.005...
14. klik file, dan arahkan ke file FW_WRT54GL_4.30.14.005_US_20091026.bin yang telah di download tadi, kemudian klik “Upgrade”
15. Tunggu hingga proses tranfer selesai, dan tunggu hingga lampu pada cisco menyala
16. semoga sukses

ref : http://www.winardi.com/?q=node/67

Translate File PDF, DOC, XLS, maupun PPT Menggunakan Google Translate

2011-09-17T12:54:00.001+07:00

Berawal dari tugas bikin paper yang bahan nya dari bahasa Inggris dan masalah seorang temanku ERICK IRAWADI ALWI yang katanya g ketemu solusi.
Penasaran juga sih pengen nyoba dan hasilnya.......

Setelah membaca dari beberapa referensi dengan bantuan Zoho Viewer bisa menjadi sulusi pemecahan masalah nya.

Langkah-Langkahnya adalah sebagai berikut :

Upload file yang akan diterjemahkan ke Zoho Viewer. File bisa dalam format pdf, doc, xls, maupun ppt.
Setelah di upload, Zoho viewer akan memberikan url atas file yang telah diupload tersebut.
Gunakan alamat url tersebut ke halaman google translate.
File sudah dapat diterjemahkan.

Cara Lainnya :

Masuk ke freetrans.com
Masukan alamat file pdf ke dalamnya. Pilih translate korean to english.
Anda akan masuk ke babelfish. Tunggu..

Cara laiinya lagi :

Gunakan wordlingo

Jika Anda dapat berbahasa korea, tetapi komputer tidak dapat mendisplaynya, maka lakukan langkah-langkah berikut:

Instal windows anda agar dapat mendisplay bahasa yang akan di translate dengan jalan. Namun, jika komputer sudah terinstall bahasa yang diinginkan, maka lakukan langkah kedua.
Masuk Control Panel> Klik Date, Time, Regional, dan Languange Option > Klik Add Other Langguange > Check "Install Files for east Asian Language.
Restart komputer untuk memberikan effek dari perubahan yang anda lakukan.

Sumber :

Hilangkan pling.mp3 Dari Facebook yang sangat mengganggu

2011-09-17T12:53:00.000+07:00

1. Buka Internet Download Manager

2. Pada bagian menu, pilih Download, dan kemudian pilih Options

3. Klik tab File Types dan klik Edit List
4. Akan muncul tampilan berikut, klik Add

5. Isikan alamat pling.mp3 facebook yaitu http://static.ak.fbcdn.net/sound/pling.mp3.

6. Klik OK. Mudah-mudahan setelah itu pesan pling facebook tidak akan muncul lagi forever.

Semoga bermanfaat....

OpenWRT pada Linksys WRT54GL

2011-09-17T12:48:00.004+07:00

Proses upgrade firmware OpenWRT pada Linksys WRT54GL bisa dilakukan dengan 2 cara, yaitu :

Menggunakan upgrade firmwire diwebsite.
Menggunakan tftp

sebelum instalasi anda download terlebih dahulu binary firmwire dari openwrt. dapat download di link ini :
http://rapidshare.com/files/61963739/openwrt-wrt54g-squashfs.bin.html

ok sekarang kita siap instalasi linksys kita ke OpenWRT

Menggunakan upgrade firmware website

sekedar informasi ip default yang sudah tersetting di linksys adalah “192.168.1.1″ dengan username “admin” password “admin”
jika berhasil maka anda akan mendapatkan tampilan sebagai berikut :

ok sekarang anda sudah dapat mengakses menu akses point dengan firmwire bawaan linksys. nah anda pilih administration dan pilih firmwire update.
setelah itu masukan file openwrt yang anda download tadi. kemudian klik upgrade. seperti gambar dibawah ini:

jika proses upgrade tidak ada halangan maka anda mendapatkan seperti gambar dibawah ini :

dan

maka openwrt sukses terinstall di linksys anda. openwrt ini belum bisa diakses port 22 (ssh) sebelum anda memberikan password kedalamnya. ada dua cara pertama dengan telnet ke ip 192.168.1.1 atau kedua dengan memasukan password via web.

masukan password yang anda inginkan. dan klik “set” maka ssh ke openwrt anda dan masukan username “root” dan password yang anda isikan.
selamat anda sudah bisa instalasi openwrt dengan menggunakan cara pertama. selamat….

ref : http://servas.wordpress.com/2007/12/01/instalasi-openwrt-di-linksys-wrt54gl/

Menggunakan tftp

ok anda sudah sukses install openwrt via web. sekarang anda menggunakan text mode alias console terminal untuk menginstall openwrt.
add ip 192.168.1.x (bukan 1) /24 ke network anda. misal penulis menggunakan ip 192.168.1.2
root@servas-net:/home/servas# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:13:46:3A:F9:2C
inet addr:192.168.1.2 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::213:46ff:fe3a:f92c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2897 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2918 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:600776 (586.6 KiB) TX bytes:1641894 (1.5 MiB)
Interrupt:16 Base address:0x6c00
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:19:21:42:72:EB
inet addr:10.0.0.8 Bcast:10.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::219:21ff:fe42:72eb/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:403124 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:358994 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:309454571 (295.1 MiB) TX bytes:30241901 (28.8 MiB)
Interrupt:17 Base address:0xc400
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:376 (376.0 b) TX bytes:376 (376.0 b)
ok kalau sudah coba test ping ke 192.168.1.1 (linksys)
root@servas-net:/home/servas# ping 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=3.92 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.616 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.619 ms
ok berarti pc anda sudah 1 network dengan linksys dan siap untuk mulai installasi.
root@servas-net:/home/servas# tftp 192.168.1.1 — enter
tftp> mode binary — enter
tftp> put openwrt-wrt54g-squashfs.bin
jangan enter dahulu
sekarang cabut kabel power untuk merestart linksys anda dan kemudian colok kembali, tunggu saat 4 lampu hijau (detector) ethernet pada linksys menyala dan berkedip 1x kemudian anda sambung dengan mengente perintah putt diatas.
jika berhasil maka lampu indikator power dan ethernet sama sama menyala berkedip-kedip cepat. berarti proses flash anda berjalan sambil menunggu linksys tersebut reboot ulang.
jika lampu power dan ethernet tidak berkedip cepat maka ulangi langkah diatas… “put ….”
untuk mengaktifkan ssh anda bisa megakses linksys melalui telnet 192.168.1.1
dan kemudian setelah didalam anda ketikan “passwd” isikan password sesuai keinginan adan dan reboot.
maka secara otomatis fungsi telnet akan di nonaktifkan digantikan fungsi ssh.
root@servas-net:/home/servas# ssh root@192.168.1.1
The authenticity of host ’192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1)’ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is e7:7a:09:f2:1b:0e:95:56:46:b5:0d:3e:7b:29:08:51.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ’192.168.1.1′ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.1.1′s password:
BusyBox v1.00 (2006.11.07-01:40+0000) Built-in shell (ash)
Enter ‘help’ for a list of built-in commands.
_______ ________ __
| |.—–.—–.—–.| | | |.—-.| |_
| – || _ | -__| || | | || _|| _|
|_______|| __|_____|__|__||________||__| |____|
|__| W I R E L E S S F R E E D O M
WHITE RUSSIAN (RC6) ——————————-
* 2 oz Vodka Mix the Vodka and Kahlua together
* 1 oz Kahlua over ice, then float the cream or
* 1/2oz cream milk on the top.
—————————————————
root@OpenWrt:~#

ref : http://servas.wordpress.com/2007/12/01/instalasi-openwrt-di-linksys-wrt54gl-part-2-tftp/

Routing Protocol EIGRP

2011-05-10T11:07:00.012+07:00

Sebagai referensi buat saudara kecilku yang mau remedi SBA nih,, klo ada yang salah mohon di koreksi yah agan-agan.. Maklum masih belajar juga.. Karakteristik Routing EIGRP sebagai berikut :

Menggunakan protokol routing enhanced distance vector
Menggunakan cost load balancing yang tidak sama
Menggunakan algoritma kombinasi antara distance vector dan link-state
Menggunakan Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) untuk menghitung jalur terpendek.
Maksimum hop sebanyak 255 hop.
Biasa digunakan pada jaringan berskala besar.
EIGRP akan mencari sendiri Routing Table dari Router-Router tetangganya sehingga tidak perlu memperkenalkan Nework tetangga.
Autonomous System (AS) yang berfungsi untuk membuat semua Router yang berada pada AS yang sama berada dalam satu lingkup area sehingga dapat melakukan komunikasi data.
Mendukung VLSM (Variable Lenght Subnet Mask)
Tidak melakukan secara periodik, tetapi akan melakukan update apabila terjadi perubahan pada Routing Table.

Kelebihan-kelebihan EIGRP

Satu-satunya protokol routing yang menggunakan route backup. Selain memaintain tabel routing terbaik, EIGRP juga menyimpan backup terbaik untuk setiap route sehingga setiap kali terjadi kegagalan pada jalur utama, maka EIGRP menawarkan jalur alternatif tanpa menunggu waktu convergence.
Mudah dikonfigurasi semudah RIP.
Summarization dapat dilakukan dimana saja dan kapan saja. Pada OSPF summarization hanya bisa dilakukan di ABR dan ASBR.
EIGRP satu-satunya yang dapat melakukan unequal load balancing.
Kombinasi terbaik dari protokol distance vector dan link state.
Mendukung multiple protokol network (IP, IPX, dan lain-lain).

Berikut contoh design dan konfigurasi menggunakan Routing Protokol EIGRP :LAN A :
IP 20.20.20.2
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Gateway 20.20.20.1

LAN B :
IP 198.100.100.2
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Gateway 198.100.100.1

LAN C :
IP 150.140.140.2
Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Gateway 150.140.140.1

LAN D :
IP 135.135.135.2
Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Gateway 135.135.135.1

ROUTER 1 :
fast ethernet 0/0 : 20.20.20.1
serial 0/0/0 :140.140.140.1
serial 0/0/1 : 200.200.200.1

ROUTER 2 :
fast ethernet 0/0 : 198.100.100.1
serial 0/0/0 :140.140.140.2
serial 0/0/1 : 10.10.10.1

ROUTER 3 :
fast ethernet 0/0 : 150.140.140.1
serial 0/0/0 :10.10.10.2
serial 0/0/1 : 7.7.7.1

ROUTER 4 :
fast ethernet 0/0 : 135.135.135.1
serial 0/0/0 :200.200.200.2
serial 0/0/1 : 7.7.7.2

Konfigurasinya adalah sebagai berikut :

ROUTER 1 :

router# configure terminal
router(config)#hostname router1
router1(config)#interface fastethernet0/0
router1(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.1 255.0.0.0
router1(config-if)#no shutdown
router1(config-if)#exit
router1(config)#interface serial0/0/0
router1(config-if)#ip address 140.140.140.1 255.255.0.0
router1(config-if)#no shutdown
router1(config-if)#exit
router1(config)#interface serial0/0/1
router1(config-if)#ip address 200.200.200.1 255.255.255.0
router1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
router1(config-if)#no shutdown
router1(config-if)#exit
router1(config)#router eigrp 10
router1(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
router1(config-router)#network 140.140.0.0
router1(config-router)#network 200.200.200.0
router1(config-router)#exit
router1(config)#exit

ROUTER 2 :

router# configure terminal
router(config)#hostname router2
router2(config)#interface fastethernet0/0
router2(config-if)#ip address 198.100.100.1 255.255.255.0
router2(config-if)#no shutdown
router2(config-if)#exit
router2(config)#interface serial0/0/0
router2(config-if)#ip address 140.140.140.2 255.255.0.0
router2(config-if)#no shutdown
router2(config-if)#exit
router2(config)#interface serial0/0/1
router2(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.0.0.0
router2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
router2(config-if)#no shutdown
router2(config-if)#exit
router2(config)#router eigrp 10
router2(config-router)#network 198.100.100.0
router2(config-router)#network 140.140.0.0
router2(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
router2(config-router)#exit
router2(config)#exit

ROUTER 3 :

router# configure terminal
router(config)#hostname router3
router3(config)#interface fastethernet0/0
router3(config-if)#ip address 150.140.140.1 255.255.0.0
router3(config-if)#no shutdown
router3(config-if)#exit
router3(config)#interface serial0/0/0
router3(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.2 255.0.0.0
router3(config-if)#no shutdown
router3(config-if)#exit
router3(config)#interface serial0/0/1
router3(config-if)#ip address 7.7.7.1 255.0.0.0
router3(config-if)#clock rate 64000
router3(config-if)#no shutdown
router3(config-if)#exit
router3(config)#router eigrp 10
router3(config-router)#network 150.140.0.0
router3(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
router3(config-router)#network 7.0.0.0
router3(config-router)#exit
router3(config)#exit

ROUTER 4 :

router# configure terminal
router(config)#hostname router4
router4(config)#interface fastethernet0/0
router4(config-if)#ip address 135.135.135.1 255.255.0.0
router4(config-if)#no shutdown
router4(config-if)#exit
router4(config)#interface serial0/0/0
router4(config-if)#ip address 200.200.200.2 255.255.255.0
router4(config-if)#no shutdown
router4(config-if)#exit
router4(config)#interface serial0/0/1
router4(config-if)#ip address 7.7.7.2 255.0.0.0
router4(config-if)#clock rate 64000
router4(config-if)#no shutdown
router4(config-if)#exit
router4(config)#router eigrp 10
router4(config-router)#network 135.135.0.0
router4(config-router)#network 200.200.200.0
router4(config-router)#network 7.0.0.0
router4(config-router)#exit
router4(config)#exit

Untuk verifikasi konfigurasi EIGRP:
# sh ip route ==> melihat routing table
# sh ip protocol ==> melihat routing protocol di router kita
# sh ip eigrp neighbor ==> melihat neighbor table EIGRP
# sh ip eigrp topology ==> melihat topology table EIGRP
# sh ip route eigrp ==> melihat routing table EIGRP

# debug ip eigrp ==> melihat proses mengirim & menerima routing update RIP
# terminal monitor ==> utk melihat hasil debug (khusus bagi yg via telnet/SSH)
# no debug all ATAU #undebug all ==> mematikan proses debugging

Network Fundamentals V40 chapter 7

2011-03-07T01:47:00.006+07:00

1. Which options are properties of contention-based media access for a shared media? (Choose three.)
non-deterministic
less overhead
one station transmits at a time
collisions exist
devices must wait their turn
token passing

2. What is a primary purpose of encapsulating packets into frames?
provide routes across the internetwork
format the data for presentation to the user
facilitate the entry and exit of data on media
identify the services to which transported data is associated

3. Refer to the exhibit. How many unique CRC calculations will take place as traffic routes from the PC to the laptop?
1
2
4
8
16

4. What is true concerning physical and logical topologies?
The logical topology is always the same as the physical topology.
Physical topologies are concerned with how a network transfers frames.
Physical signal paths are defined by Data Link layer protocols.
Logical topologies consist of virtual connections between nodes.

5. Refer to the exhibit. Assuming that the network in the exhibit is converged meaning the routing tables and ARP tables are complete, which MAC address will Host A place in the destination address field of Ethernet frames destined for

00-0c-85-cf-65-c0
00-0c-85-cf-65-c1
00-1c-41-ab-c0-00

6. What are three characteristics of valid Ethernet Layer 2 addresses? (Choose three.)
They are 48 binary bits in length.
They are considered physical addresses.
They are generally represented in hexadecimal format.
They consist of four eight-bit octets of binary numbers.
They are used to determine the data path through the network.
They must be changed when an Ethernet device is added or moved within the network.

7. Refer to the exhibit. A frame is being sent from the PC to the laptop. Which source MAC and IP addresses will be included in the frame as it leaves RouterB? (Choose two.)
source MAC – PC
source MAC – S0/0 on RouterA
source MAC – Fa0/1 on RouterB
source IP – PC
source IP – S0/0 on RouterA
source IP – Fa0/1 of RouterB

8. What determines the method of media access control? (Choose two.)
network layer addressing
media sharing
application processes
logical topology
intermediary device function

9. What is the purpose of the preamble in an Ethernet frame?
is used as a pad for data
identifies the source address
identifies the destination address
marks the end of timing information
**is used for timing synchronization with alternating patterns of ones and zeros

10. What statements are true regarding addresses found at each layer of the OSI model? (Choose two.)
Layer 2 may identify devices by a physical address burned into the network card
Layer 2 identifies the applications that are communicating
Layer 3 represents a hierarchical addressing scheme
Layer 4 directs communication to the proper destination network
Layer 4 addresses are used by intermediary devices to forward data

11. Which statements describe the logical token-passing topology? (Choose two.)
Network usage is on a first come, first serve basis.
Computers are allowed to transmit data only when they possess a token.
Data from a host is received by all other hosts.
Electronic tokens are passed sequentially to each other.
Token passing networks have problems with high collision rates.

12. Which sublayer of the data link layer prepares a signal to be transmitted at the physical layer?
LLC
MAC
HDLC
NIC

13. What is true regarding media access control? (Choose three.)
Ethernet utilizes CSMA/CD
defined as placement of data frames on the media
contention-based access is also known as deterministic
802.11 utilizes CSMA/CD
Data Link layer protocols define the rules for access to different media
controlled access contains data collisions

14. What is a characteristic of a logical point-to-point topology?
The nodes are physically connected.
The physical arrangement of the nodes is restricted.
The media access control protocol can be very simple.
The data link layer protocol used over the link requires a large frame header.

15. What two facts are true when a device is moved from one network or subnet to another? (Choose two.)
The Layer 2 address must be reassigned.
The default gateway address should not be changed.
The device will still operate at the same Layer 2 address.
Applications and services will need additional port numbers assigned.
The Layer 3 address must be reassigned to allow communications to the new network.

16. What is a function of the data link layer?
provides the formatting of data
provides end-to-end delivery of data between hosts
provides delivery of data between two applications
provides for the exchange data over a common local media

17. Which three factors should be considered when implementing a Layer 2 protocol in a network? (Choose three.)
the Layer 3 protocol selected
the geographic scope of the network
the PDU defined by the transport layer
the physical layer implementation
the number of hosts to be interconnected

18. What is the primary purpose of the trailer in a data link layer frame?
define the logical topology
provide media access control
support frame error detection
carry routing information for the frame

19. A network administrator has been asked to provide a graphic representation of exactly where the company network wiring and equipment are located in the building. What is this type of drawing?
logical topology
physical topology
cable path
wiring grid
access topology

20. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement describes the media access control methods that are used by the networks in the exhibit?
All three networks use CSMA/CA
None of the netw

Terbitkan Entri

orks require media access control.
Network 1 uses CSMA/CD and Network 3 uses CSMA/CA.
Network 1 uses CSMA/CA and Network 2 uses CSMA/CD.
Network 2 uses CSMA/CA and Network 3 uses CSMA/CD.

Network Fundamentals V40 chapter 6

2011-03-07T01:45:00.001+07:00

1. How many bits make up an IPv4 address?
128
64
48
32 **

2. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has to develop an IP addressing scheme that uses the 192.168.1.0 /24 address space. The network that contains the serial link has already been addressed out of a separate range. Each network will be allocated the same number of host addresses. Which network mask will be appropriate to address the remaining networks?
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.252

3. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has assigned the internetwork of LBMISS an address range of 192.168.10.0. This address range has been subnetted using a /29 mask. In order to accommodate a new building, the technician has decided to use the fifth subnet for configuring the new network (subnet zero is the first subnet). By company policies, the router interface is always assigned the first usable host address and the workgroup server is given the last usable host address. Which configuration should be entered into the workgroup server’s properties to allow connectivity to the network?
IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.240 default gateway: 192.168.10.39
IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.240 default gateway: 192.168.10.33
IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 default gateway: 192.168.10.33
IP address: 192.168.10.39 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 default gateway: 192.168.10.31
IP address: 192.168.10.254 subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 default gateway: 192.168.10.1

4. Refer to the exhibit. Which network prefix will work with the IP addressing scheme shown in the graphic.
/24
/16
/20
/27
/25
/28

5. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator discovers that host A is having trouble with Internet connectivity, but the server farm has full connectivity. In addition, host A has full connectivity to the server farm. What is a possible cause of this problem?
The router has an incorrect gateway.
Host A has an overlapping network address.
Host A has an incorrect default gateway configured.
Host A has an incorrect subnet mask.
NAT is required for the host A network.

6. What subnet mask would a network administrator assign to a network address of 172.30.1.0 if it were possible to have up to 254 hosts?
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.254.0
255.255.248.0

7. Given the IP address and subnet mask of 172.16.134.64 255.255.255.224, which of the following would describe this address?
This is a useable host address.
This is a broadcast address.
This is a network address.
This is not a valid address.

8. What three facts are true about the network portion of an IPv4 address? (Choose three.)
identifies an individual device
is identical for all hosts in a broadcast domain
is altered as packet is forwarded
varies in length
is used to forward packets
uses flat addressing

9. What is the network address of the host 172.25.67.99 /23 in binary?
10101100. 00011001.01000011.00000000
10101100. 00011001.01000011.11111111
10101100. 00011001.01000010.00000000
10101100. 00011001.01000010.01100011
10101100. 00010001.01000011. 01100010
10101100. 00011001.00000000.00000000

10. A router interface has been assigned an IP address of 172.16.192.166 with a mask of 255.255.255.248. To which subnet does the IP address belong?
172.16.0.0
172.16.192.0
172.16.192.128
172.16.192.160
172.16.192.168
172.16.192.176

11. Refer to the exhibit. Why would the response shown be displayed after issuing the command ping 127.0.0.1 on a PC?
The IP settings are not properly configured on the host.
Internet Protocol is not properly installed on the host.
There is a problem at the physical or data link layer.
The default gateway device is not operating.
A router on the path to the destination host has gone down.

12. What two things will happen if a router receives an ICMP packet which has a TTL value of 1 and the destination host is several hops away? (Choose two.)
The router will discard the packet.
The router will decrement the TTL value and forward the packet to the next router on the path to the destination host.
The router will send a time exceeded message to the source host.
The router will increment the TTL value and forward the packet to the next router on the path to the destination host.
The router will send an ICMP Redirect Message to the source host.

13. Which of the following are features of IPv6? (Choose three.)
larger address space
faster routing protocols
data types and classes of service
authentication and encryption
improved host naming conventions
same addressing scheme as IPv4

14. Which process do routers use to determine the subnet network address based upon a given IP address and subnet mask?
binary adding
hexadecimal anding
binary division
binary multiplication
binary ANDing

15. What is the primary reason for development of IPv6?
security
header format simplification
expanded addressing capabilities
addressing simplification

16. Which three IP addresses are private? (Choose three.)
172.168.33.1
10.35.66.70
192.168.99.5
172.18.88.90
192.33.55.89
172.35.16.5

17. Which statements are true regarding IP addressing? (Choose two.)
NAT translates public addresses to private addresses destined for the Inter net.
Only one company is allowed to use a specific private network address space.
Private addresses are blocked from public Internet by router.
Network 172.32.0.0 is part of the private address space.
IP address 127.0.0.1 can be used for a host to direct traffic to itself.

18. Which IPv4 subnetted addresses represent valid host addresses? (Choose three.)
172.16.4.127 /26
172.16.4.155 /26
172.16.4.193 /26
172.16.4.95 /27
172.16.4.159 /27
172.16.4.207 /27

19. What is a group of hosts called that have identical bit patterns in the high order bits of their addresses?
an internet
a network
an octet
a radi

20. Refer to the exhibit. Host A is connected to the LAN, but it cannot get access to any resources on the Internet. The configuration of the host is shown in the exhibit. What could be the cause of the problem?
The host subnet mask is incorrect.
The default gateway is a network address.
The default gateway is a broadcast address.
The default gateway is on a different subnet from the host.

21. Which of the following network devices are recommended to be assigned static IP addresses? (Choose three.)
LAN workstations
servers **
network printers **
routers **
remote workstations
laptops

Network Fundamentals V40 chapter 5

2011-03-07T01:42:00.001+07:00

1. In an IPv4 environment, what information is used by the router to forward data packets from one interface of a router to another?
destination network address
source network address
source MAC address
well known port destination address

2. What information is added during encapsulation at OSI Layer 3?
source and destination MAC
source and destination application protocol
source and destination port number
source and destination IP address
3 . In a connectionless system, which of the following is correct?
The destination is contacted before a packet is sent.
The destination is not contacted before a packet is sent.
The destination sends an acknowledgement to the source that indicates the packet was received.
The destination sends an acknowledgement to the source that requests the next packet to be sent.

4. Which IP packet field will prevent endless loops?
type-of-service
identification
flags
time-to-live
header checksum

5. Which portion of the network layer address does a router use to forward packets?
host portion
broadcast address
network portion
gateway address

6. Refer to the exhibit. Using the network in the exhibit, what would be the default gateway address for host A in the 192.133.219.0 network?
192.135.250.1
192.31.7.1
192.133.219.0
192.133.219.1

7. If the default gateway is configured incorrectly on the host, what is the impact on communications?
The host is unable to communicate on the local network.
The host can communicate with other hosts on the local network, but is unable to communicate with hosts on remote networks.
The host can communicate with other hosts on remote networks, but is unable to communicate with hosts on the local network.
There is no impact on communications.

8. What is the purpose of a default gateway?
physically connects a computer to a network
provides a permanent address to a computer
identifies the network to which a computer is connected
identifies the logical address of a networked computer and uniquely identifies it to the rest of the network
**identifies the device that allows local network computers to communicate with devices on other networks

9. What type of routing uses information that is manually entered into the routing table?
dynamic
interior
static
standard

10. When the destination network is not listed in the routing table of a Cisco router, what are two possible actions that the router might take? (Choose two.)
The router sends an ARP request to determine the required next hop address.
The router discards the packet.
The router forwards the packet toward the next hop indicated in the ARP table.
The router forwards the packet to the interface indicated by the source address.
The router forwards the packet out the interface indicated by the default route entry.

11. What are the key factors to consider when grouping hosts into a common network? (Choose three.)
gateways
purpose
physical addressing
software version
geographic location
ownership

12. What is a component of a routing table entry?
the MAC address of the interface of the router
the destination Layer 4 port number
the destination host address
the next-hop address

13. Which intermediary devices could be used to implement security between networks? (Choose two.)
router
hub
switch
firewall
access point
bridge

14. What are three common problems with a large network? (Choose three.)
too few broadcasts
performance degradation
security issues
limited management responsibility
host identification
protocol compatibility

15. Refer to the exhibit. All devices shown in the exhibit have factory default settings. How many broadcast domains are represented in the topology that is shown?
3
4
5
7
8
11

16. Which three statements are true about routes and their use? (Choose three.)
If no route to the destination network is found, the packet is returned to the previous router.
If the destination network is directly connected, the router forwards the packet to the destination host.
If multiple network entries exist for the destination network, the most general route is used to forward the packet.
If no route exists for the destination network and a default route is present, the packet is forwarded to the next-hop router.
If the originating host has a default gateway configured, the packet for a remote network can be forwarded using that route.
If a host does not have a route manually configured for the destination network, the host will drop the packet.

17. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is troubleshooting a connectivity problem and needs to determine the address that is used to forward network packets out the network. Using the netstat -r command, the administrator would identify which address as the address to which all hosts send packets that are destined for an outside network?
10.10.10.26
127.0.0.1
10.10.10.6
10.10.10.1
224.0.0.0

18. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator notices that there are too many broadcasts on the network. What two steps can the network administrator take to resolve this problem? (Choose two.)
Replace S2 with a router.
Place all servers on S1.
Disable TCP/IP broadcasts.
Subnet the 192.168.0.0 /24 network.
Disable all unused interfaces on the switches.

19. Refer to the exhibit. The network in the exhibit is fully operational. What two statements correctly describe the routing for the topology that is shown? (Choose two.)
192.168.0.2 is the next-hop address that is used by R3 to route a packet from the 10.0.0.0 network to the 172.16.0.0 network.
10.0.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R1 to route a packet from the 192.168.12.0 network to the 10.0.0.0 network.
192.168.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R1 to route a packet from the 192.168.12.0 network to the 172.16.0.0 network.
172.16.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R3 to route a packet from the 10.0.0.0 to the 172.16.0.0 network.
192.168.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R2 to route a packet from the 172.16.0.0 network to the 192.168.12.0 network.
192.168.0.2 is the next-hop address that is used by R2 to route a packet from the 172.16.0.0 network to the 192.168.12.0 network.

20. What two characteristics are commonly associated with dynamic routing protocols? (Choose two.)
require no device configuration
provide routers with up-to-date routing tables
require less processing power than static routes require
consume bandwidth to exchange route information
prevent manual configuration and maintenance of the routing table

21. What statement describes the purpose of a default route?
A host uses a default route to transfer data to another host on the same network segment.
A host uses a default route to forward data to the local switch as the next hop to all destinations.
A host uses a default route to identify the Layer 2 address of an end device on the local network.
A host uses a default route to transfer data to a host outside the local network when no other route to the destination exists.

Network Fundamentals V40 chapter 4

2011-03-07T01:24:00.001+07:00

1. Refer to the exhibit. What two pieces of information can be determined from the output that is shown? (Choose two.)

The local host is using three client sessions.
The local host is using web sessions to a remote server.
The local host is listening for TCP connections using public addresses.
The local host is using well-known port numbers to identify the source ports.
The local host is performing the three-way handshake with 192.168.1.101:1037.

2. After a web browser makes a request to a web server that is listening to the standard port, what will be the source port number in the TCP header of the response from the server?
13
53
80
1024
1728

3. Which information is found in both the TCP and UDP header information?
sequencing
flow control
acknowledgments
source and destination

4. Which is an important characteristic of UDP?
acknowledgement of data delivery
minimal delays in data delivery
high reliability of data delivery
same order data delivery

5. Refer to the exhibit. Host A is using FTP to download a large file from Server 1. During the download process, Server 1 does not receive an acknowledgment from Host A for several bytes of transferred data. What action will Server 1 take as a result?
create a Layer 1 jam signal
reach a timeout and resend the data that needs to be acknowledged
send a RESET bit to the host
change the window size in the Layer 4 header

6. Refer to the exhibit. In line 7 of this Wireshark capture, what TCP operation is being performed?

session establishment
segment retransmit
data transfer
session disconnect

7. Refer to the exhibit. The initial TCP exchange of data between two hosts is shown in the exhibit. Assuming an initial sequence number of 0, what sequence number will be included in Acknowledgment 2 if Segment 6 is lost?

2
3
6
1850
3431
3475

8. Why is flow control used for TCP data transfer?
to synchronize equipment speed for sent data
to synchronize and order sequence numbers so data is sent in complete numerical order
to prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed by incoming data
to synchronize window size on the server
to simplify data transfer to multiple hosts

9. During a TCP communication session, if the packets arrive to the destination out of order, what will happen to the original message?
The packets will not be delivered.
The packets will be retransmitted from the source.
The packets will be delivered and reassembled at the destination.
The packets will be delivered and not reassembled at the destination.

10. With TCP/IP data encapsulation, which range of port numbers identifies all well-known applications?
0 to 255
256 to 1022
0 to 1023
1024 to 2047
49153 to 65535

11. Which transport layer protocol provides low overhead and would be used for applications which do not require reliable data delivery?
TCP
IP
UDP
HTTP
DNS

12. What are two features of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)? (Choose two.)
flow control
low overhead
connectionless
connection-oriented
sequence and acknowledgements

13. What mechanism is used by TCP to provide flow control as segments travel from source to destination?
sequence numbers
session establishment
window size
acknowledgments

14. What is dynamically selected by the source host when forwarding data?
destination logical address
source physical address
default gateway address
source port

15. Why are port numbers included in the TCP header of a segment?
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order

16. Which two options represent Layer 4 addressing? (Choose two.)
identifies the destination network
identifies source and destination hosts
identifies the communicating applications
identifies multiple conversations between the hosts
identifies the devices communicating over the local media

17. Which three features allow TCP to reliably and accurately track the transmission of data from source to destination?
encapsulation
flow control
connectionless services
session establishment
numbering and sequencing
best effort delivery

18. Which OSI model layer is responsible for regulating the flow of information from source to destination, reliably and accurately?
application
presentation
session
transport
network

19. Based on the transport layer header shown in the diagram, which of the following statements describe the established session? (Choose two.)

This is a UDP header.
**This contains a Telnet request.
This contains a TFTP data transfer.
The return packet from this remote host will have an Acknowledgement Number of 43693.
**This is a TCP header.

20. Which event occurs during the transport layer three-way handshake?
The two applications exchange data.
**TCP initializes the sequence numbers for the sessions.
UDP establishes the maximum number of bytes to be sent.
The server acknowledges the bytes of data received from the client.

21. Refer to the exhibit. Host1 is in the process of setting up a TCP session with Host2. Host1 has sent a SYN message to begin session establishment. What happens next?

Host1 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 0, SYN flag = 0 to Host2.
Host1 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 0 to Host2.
Host1 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 1 to Host2.
Host2 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 0, SYN flag = 1 to Host1.
Host2 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 0 to Host1.
Host2 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 1 to Host1.

Network Fundamentals V40 chapter 3

2011-03-07T01:20:00.003+07:00

1. What application layer protocol is commonly used to support for file transfers between a client and a server?
HTML
HTTP
FTP
Telnet

2. What are two forms of application layer software? (Choose two.)
applications
dialogs
requests
services
syntax

3 . A network administrator is designing a network for a new branch office of twenty-five users. What are the advantages of using a client-server model? (Choose two.)
centralized administration
does not require specialized software
security is easier to enforce
lower cost implementation
provides a single point of failure

4. What is the purpose of resource records in DNS?
temporarily holds resolved entries
used by the server to resolve names
sent by the client to during a query
passes authentication information between the server and client

5. What is the automated service that matches resource names with the required IP address?
HTTP
SSH
FQDN
DNS
Telnet
SMTP

6. What three protocols operate at the Application layer of the OSI model? (Choose three.)
ARP
DNS
PPP
SMTP
POP
ICMP

7. What are three properties of peer-to-peer applications? (Choose three.)
acts as both a client and server within the same communication.
requires centralized account administration.
hybrid mode includes a centralized directory of files.
can be used in client-server networks.
requires a direct physical connection between devices.
centralized authentication is required.

8. Which application layer protocols correctly match a corresponding function? (Choose two.)
DNS dynamically allocates IP addresses to hosts
HTTP transfers data from a web server to a client
POP delivers email from the client to the server email server
SMTP supports file sharing
Telnet provides a virtual connection for remote access

9. Which email components are used to forward mail between servers? (Choose two.)
MDA
IMAP
MTA
POP
SMTP
MUA

10. As compared to SSH, what is the primary disadvantage of telnet?
not widely available
does not support encryption
consumes more network bandwidth
does not support authentication

11. Which statements are correct concerning the role of the MTA in handling email? (Choose three.)
routes email to the MDA on other servers
receives email from the client’s MUA
receives email via the POP3 protocol
passes email to the MDA for final delivery
uses SMTP to route email between servers
delivers email to clients via the POP3 protocol

12. Which two protocols are used to control the transfer of web resources from a web server to a client browser? (Choose two.)
ASP
FTP
HTML
HTTP
HTTPS
IP

13. A small home network has been installed to interconnect three computers together for gaming and file sharing. What two properties represent this network type? (Choose two.)
User accounts are centralized.
Security is difficult to enforce.
Specialized operating system software is required.
File permissions are controlled by a single computer.
A computer that responds to a file sharing request is functioning as a server.

14. Which layer of the OSI model supplies services that allow user to interface with the network?
physical
session
network
presentation
application
transport

15. Refer to the exhibit. What is the destination port for the communication that is represented on line 5?

80
1261
15533
3912
65520

16. What are two characteristics of peer-to-peer networks? (Choose two.)
scalable
one way data flow
decentralized resources
centralized user accounts
resource sharing without a dedicated server

17. What application layer protocol describes the services that are used for file sharing in Microsoft networks?
DHCP
DNS
SMB
SMTP
Telnet

18. What are two characteristics of clients in data networks? (Choose two.)
use daemons
initiate data exchanges
are repositories of data
may upload data to servers
listen for requests from servers

19. What is the role of the OSI application layer?
provides segmentation of data
provides encryption and conversion of data
provides the interface between the applications on either end of the network
provides control of all the data flowing between the source and destination devices

20. How does the application layer on a server usually process multiple client request for services?
ceases all connections to the service
denies multiple connections to a single daemon
suspends the current connection to allow the new connection
uses support from lower layer functions to distinguish between connections to the service

Network Fundamentals V40 chapter 2

2011-03-07T01:12:00.004+07:00

1. Which statements correctly identify the role of intermediary devices in the network? (Choose three.)
determine pathways for data
initiate data communications
retime and retransmit data signals
originate the flow of data
manage data flows
final termination point for data flow

2. Select the statements that are correct concerning network protocols. (Choose three.)
define the structure of layer specific PDU’s
dictate how to accomplish layer functions
outline the functions necessary for communications between layers
limit the need for hardware compatibility
require layer dependent encapsulations
eliminate standardization among vendors

3. What are two functions of encapsulation? (Choose two.)
tracks delay between end devices
enables consistent network paths for communication
allows modification of the original data before transmission
identifies pieces of data as part of the same communication
ensures that data pieces can be directed to the correct receiving end device

4. What is a primary function of the trailer information added by the data link layer encapsulation?
supports error detection
ensures ordered arrival of data
provides delivery to correct destination
identifies the devices on the local network
assists intermediary devices with processing and path selection

5. Which two layers of the OSI model have the same functions as the TCP/IP model Network Access Layer? (Choose two.)
Network
Transport
Physical
Data Link
Session

6. What is a PDU?
corruption of a frame during transmission
data reassembled at the destination
retransmitted packets due to lost communication
a layer specific encapsulation

7. Which characteristic correctly refers to end devices in a network?
manage data flows
originate data flow
retime and retransmit data signals
determine pathways for data

8.Refer to the exhibit. “Cell A” at IP address 10.0.0.34 has established an IP session with “IP Phone 1″ at IP address 172.16.1.103. Based upon the graphic, which device type best describes the function of wireless device “Cell A?”
the destination device
an end device
an intermediate device
a media device

9.Refer to the exhibit. Which three labels correctly identify the network types for the network segments that are shown? (Choose three.)

Network A — WAN
Network B — WAN
Network C — LAN
Network B — MAN
Network C — WAN
Network A – LAN

10. Which three statements best describe a Local Area Network (LAN)? (Choose three.)
A LAN is usually in a single geographical area.
The network is administered by a single organization.
The connection between segments in the LAN is usually through a leased connection.
The security and access control of the network are controlled by a service provider.
A LAN provides network services and access to applications for users within a common organization.
Each end of the network is generally connected to a Telecommunication Service Provider (TSP).

11.Refer to the exhibit. Which networking term describes the data interleaving process represented in the graphic?

piping
PDU
streaming
multiplexing
encapsulation

12. What is the primary purpose of Layer 4 port assignment?
to identify devices on the local media
to identify the hops between source and destination
to identify to the intermediary devices the best path through the network
to identify the source and destination end devices that are communicating
to identify the processes or services that are communicating within the end devices

13. What device is considered an intermediary device?
file server
IP phone
laptop
printer
switch

14.Refer to the exhibit. Which term correctly identifies the device type that is included in the area B?

source
end
transfer
intermediary

15.Refer to the exhibit. What type of network is shown?

WAN
MAN
LAN
WLAN

16. Which layer encapsulates the segment into packets?
physical
data link
network
transport

17. What can be identified by examining the network layer header?
the destination device on the local media
the destination host address
the bits that will be transferred over the media
the source application or process creating the data

18.Refer to the exhibit. Which set of devices contains only end devices?

A, C, D
B, E, G, H
C, D, G, H, I, J
D, E, F, H, I, J
E, F, H, I, J

19. During the encapsulation process, what occurs at the data link layer?
No address is added.
The logical address is added.
The physical address is added.
The process port number is added.

20. What is the purpose of the TCP/IP Network Access layer?
path determination and packet switching
data presentation
reliability, flow control, and error detection
network media control
the division of segments into packets

21. What is the proper order of the layers of the OSI model from the highest layer to the lowest layer?
physical, network, application, data link, presentation, session, transport
application, physical, session, transport, network, data link, presentation
application, presentation, physical, session, data link, transport, network
application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, physical
presentation, data link, session, transport, network, physical, application

Network Fundamentals V40 chapter 1

2011-03-07T00:53:00.005+07:00

1. Which of the following descriptions are true regarding the management connections on a Cisco router? (Choose three.)
They are non-network connections.
They are used to connect the router to the rest of the production network.
They are synchronous serial ports.
They are used for initial router configuration.
They are asynchronous serial ports.
They are accessed using their assigned IP address.

2. The console port can be used for which of the following? (Choose three.)
debugging.
password recovery.
routing data between networks.
troubleshooting.
connecting one router to another.

3. Which of the following describes the function of a WAN?
connects peripherals in a single location.
connects multiple networks in a single building.
provides connectivity on a LAN.
provides connectivity over a large geographic area.

4. An internetwork must include which of the following? (Choose three.)
switching.
static addressing.
IETF standardization.
dynamic or static routing.
consistent end-to-end addressing.

5. ABC Company just purchased three new routers to start their company network. Which items are needed to establish a terminal session between a PC and the router for the initial configuration? (Choose three.)
straight-through cable.
terminal emulation software.
rollover cable.
RJ-45 to DB-9 connector.
V.35 cable.

6. Terminal emulation software, such as HyperTerminal, can be used to configure a router. Which of the following HyperTerminal options shown in the graphic are correctly set to allow configuration of a Cisco router? (Choose three.)
bits per second.
data bits.
parity.
stop bits.
flow control.

7. Which of the following devices are used in the construction of a WAN? (Choose three.)
hubs.
routers.
communication servers.
transceivers.
modems.
multi-port repeaters.

8. Which of the following are functions of RAM? (Choose three.)
contains startup configuration file.
stores routing table.
holds fast switching cache.
retains contents when power is removed.
stores running configuration file.

9. Why is a console connection to a router or switch preferred when troubleshooting? (Choose two.)
can be accessed remotely.
does not depend on network services.
displays startup and error messages by default.
does not require special components.
ccna answers ccna final ccna exploration
10. Which basic components do a router and a standard desktop PC have in common? (Choose three.)
CPU.
hard drive.
input/output interfaces.
keyboard.
monitor.
system bus.

11. During the initial configuration of a 2600 series Cisco router, which cable is required for connecting a PC to the console port?
twisted.
crossover.
rollover.
straight.

12. A router is composed of many internal components. Which of the following components stores a copy of the router’s configuration file?
metal-oxide memory.
read only memory.
flash memory.
non-volatile random access memory.

13. What contains the instructions that a router uses to control the flow of traffic through its interfaces?
packet configuration.
configuration files.
flash memory.
internal components.

14. Several Ethernet hosts on a LAN need the gateway services of a Cisco 2500 series router. Which of the following would be needed to physically connect a router to all of the hosts on the LAN? (Choose two.)
a crossover cable between the transceiver on a router and a switch.
a crossover cables between a switch and hosts on a LAN.
a straight-through cable between the auxiliary port on a router and a switch.
a rollover cable between the console port on a router and a switch.
straight-through cables between a switch and hosts on a LAN.
a straight-through cable between the transceiver on a router and a switch.

15. Which router component holds the configuration file when power is lost?
volatile random access memory.
read only memory.
non-volatile random access memory.
flash memory.

16. Which of the following layers of the OSI model are incorporated in WAN standards? (Choose two.)
physical layer.
application layer.
transport layer.
data link layer.
session layer.

17. Which of the following are true regarding router interfaces? (Choose three.)
provide temporary memory for the router configuration files.
connect the router to the network for packet entry and exit.
can be on the motherboard or a separate module.
hold the IOS image.
connect the router to LANs and WANs.

18. Which of the following tasks can be accomplished through a management connection on a router? (Choose three.)
troubleshooting problems.
monitoring the system.
capturing LAN data packets.
configuring the router.
routing data packets.

19. What do routers use to select the best path for outgoing data packets?
ARP tables.
bridging tables.
routing tables.
switching tables.

20. Which of the following are functions of NVRAM? (Choose two.)
stores the routing table.
retains contents when power is removed.
stores the startup configuration file.
contains the running configuration file.
stores the ARP table.

21. Select the statements that correctly describe flash memory in a 2600 series router? (Choose two.)
holds the startup configuration by default.
can be upgraded with single in-line memory modules.
stores Cisco IOS software images.
stores routing table information by default.
maintains the only copy of an IOS image after the router is booted.

Flash Disk Sebagai Virual Memory

2011-03-03T08:29:00.001+07:00

Ketika komputer anda berjalan lambat pada RAM karena berbagai aplikasi yang anda jalankan tentunya akan membuat anda jengkel memang secara otomatis komputer akan mendapatkan memory dari hardisk anda tentunya itu tidak bekerja secara maksimal untuk meningkatkan kinerja secara keseluruhan. Cara ini juga pernah saya bahas disini Flash Disk Sebagai Virual Memory tetapi cara ini lebih simple anda bisa menggunakan salah satu cara dari yang saya tulis ini.

Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut anda bisa coba trik berikut untuk pengguna Windows 7 dengan menggunakan ReadyBoost yaitu sebuah fitur pada Windows yang memanfaatkan flash memory dari USB flash Drive yang akan membantu ketika komputer anda berjalan melewati batas RAM.

Caranya pasang USB flash Drive anda, setelah USB anda terpasang selanjutnya masuk pada My Computer pada jendela Explorer kemudian klik kanan pada USB flash Drive tersebut

Catatan: jika pada USB anda terdapat file Autorun maka ReadyBoost harus menjadipilihan utama

klik kanan pada USB flash Drive anda pilih Properties selanjutnya akan muncul jendela Properties pada jendela tersebut pilih menu tab ReadyBoost

kemudian pilih pada Use this device dan silahkan anda atur space to reserve pada ruang USB yang ingin anda gunakan perhatikan recommends pada ruang USB anda dan klik OK.

Perhatikan untuk menggunakan cara ini pastikan untuk USB anda memliki kapasitas minimal 1 GB, untuk hasil terbaik jika anda menggunakan RAM 2 GB pada komputer anda bisa gunakan USB flash drive 2 kali lipat dari RAM komputer anda tersebut untuk mendapatkan hasil lebih baik.

Erouting v4.0 Chapter 10

2011-02-24T00:28:00.001+07:00

Expect minimum percentage: 97.4%

1. Which algorithm is run by link-state routing protocols to calculate the shortest path to destination networks?
ans:
Dijkstra

2. What feature do modern link-state protocols provide to minimize processing and memory requirements?
ans:
splitting routing topologies into smaller areas

3. What is the final step in the link state routing process?
ans:
SPF computes best path to each destination network

4. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement correctly describes the path traffic would take from the 10.0.0.0/24 network to the 192.168.1.0/24 network if a link-state routing protocol was in use?
ans:
BOS -> ORL -> JAX -> ATL because this path is the lowest cost

5. Refer to the exhibit. What kind of information would be seen in an LSP sent from router JAX to router ATL?
ans:
cost of the link

6. Refer to the exhibit. When Router D is configured to use a link-state routing protocol and is added to the network, what is the first thing that it does to begin learning the network topology?
ans:
It learns about its directly connected networks when its interfaces reach the up state.

7. What two statements correctly describe the link state routing process? (Choose two.)
ans:
all routers in the area have link state databases
each router in the area floods LSPs to all neighbors

8. What speeds up convergence in a network using link-state routing?
ans:
updates triggered by network changes

9. Why is it difficult for routing loops to occur in networks that use link-state routing?
ans:
Each router builds a complete and synchronized view of the network.

10. What are two advantages of using a link-state routing protocol instead of a distance vector routing protocol? (Choose two.)
ans:
Each router independently determines the route to each network.
After the inital LSP flooding, they generally require less bandwidth to communicate changes in a topology.

11. To achieve network convergence, what three steps does each link state router take? (Choose three.)
ans:
build a Link State Packet (LSP) containing the state of each directly connected link
flood the LSP to all neighbors, who then store all LSPs received in a database
construct a complete map of the topology and compute the best path to each destination network

12. What two events will cause a link state router to send LSPs to all neighbors? (Choose two.)
ans:
whenever the network topology changes
upon initial startup of router or routing protocol

13. Which database or table must be identical on all link-state routers within an area in order to construct an accurate SPF tree?
ans:
link-state database

14. Which two routing protocols use Dijkstra’s shortest path first algorithm? (Choose two.)
ans:
IS-IS
OSPF

15. When are link-state packets sent to neighbors?
ans:
when a link goes up or down

16. Refer to the exhibit. What does JAX do with link-state packets from ORL?
ans:
sends out the individual link-state packets out the interface connected to BOS

17. A new network administrator is given the task of selecting an appropriate dynamic routing protocol for a software development company. The company has over 100 routers, uses CIDR and VLSM, requires fast convergence, and uses both Cisco and non-Cisco equipment. Which routing protocol is appropriate for this company?
ans:
OSPF

18. What action does a link-state router take immediately upon receipt of an LSP from a neighboring router?
ans:
floods the LSP to neighbors

19. Refer to the exhibit. If all routers and interfaces are configured to use a link-state routing protocol, from which routers will router D receive hello packets?
ans:
B and C

Erouting v4.0 Chapter 9

2011-02-24T00:27:00.001+07:00

Expect minimum percentage: 100%

1. On a router running EIGRP, what database would maintain a list of feasible successors?
ans:
topology table

2. Refer to the exhibit. This is the debug output from 2 directly connected EIGRP routers. They are not forming an adjacency. What is the cause?
ans:
they have different autonomous-system numbers

3. Refer to the exhibit. Which command will advertise the 192.168.1.64/30 network but not the 192.168.1.32 network on router A?
ans:
network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.3

4. What two actions will the EIGRP DUAL FSM take if a link to a network goes down? (Choose two.)
ans:
query neighbors for a new route
search topology table for a feasible successor

5. Refer to the exhibit. What is indicated by the P at the beginning of the topology entry?
ans:
the route is in a stable state

6. In which of the following tables does the EIGRP DUAL algorithm store the primary route to a destination? (Choose two.)
ans:
routing
topology

7. What information is maintained in the EIGRP topology database for a destination route? (Choose two.)
ans:
the feasible distance of the route
the route cost as advertised by the neighboring router

8. Which of the following statements describes the bounded updates used by EIGRP?
ans:
Partial updates are sent only to routers that need the information.

9. Host 192.168.1.66 in the network illustrated is unable to ping host 192.168.1.130. How must EIGRP be configured to enable connectivity between the two hosts? (Choose two.)
ans:
R1(config-router)# no auto-summary
R2(config-router)# no auto-summary

10. Which two statements describe characteristics of EIGRP? (Choose two.)
ans:
EIGRP is a distance vector routing protocol.
EIGRP supports classless routing and VLSM.

11. Refer to the exhibit. Based on the output of show ip eigrp neighbors, what are two possible problems with adjacencies between Router1 and Router2? (Choose two.)
ans:
The routers are configured with different EIGRP process IDs.
The serial interfaces for both routers are in different networks.

12. Refer to the exhibit. In the topology table, what do the numbers 3011840 and 3128695 represent?
ans:
the total metric for that network as advertised by the EIGRP neighbor

13. Refer to the exhibit. EIGRP is the only routing protocol enabled on this network. No static routes are configured on this router. What can be concluded about network 198.18.1.0/24 from the exhibited output?
ans:
Packets that are destined for 198.18.1.0/24 will be forwarded to 198.18.10.6.

14. Refer to the exhibit. All interfaces have been configured with the bandwidths that are shown in the exhibit. Assuming that all routers are using a default configuration of EIGRP as their routing protocol, what path will packets take from the 172.16.1.0/16 network to the 192.168.200.0/24 network?
ans:
A,B,E

15. By default, which two metrics are used by EIGRP to determine the best path between networks?
ans:
delay
bandwidth

16. Which term defines a collection of networks under the administrative control of a single entity that presents a common routing policy to the Internet?
ans:
autonomous system

17. Refer to the exhibit. The company is using EIGRP with an autonomous system number of 10. Pings between hosts on networks that are connected to router A and those that are connected to router B are successful. However, users on the 192.168.3.0 network are unable to reach users on the 192.168.1.32 network. What is the most likely cause of this problem?
ans:
The routers are not configured in the same EIGRP routing domain.

18. In the command router eigrp 20, what is the purpose of the number 20?
ans:
identifies the autonomous system number this EIGRP process will advertise

19. The show ip eigrp topology command output on a router displays a successor route and a feasible successor route to network 192.168.1.0/24. In order to reduce processor utilization, what does EIGRP do when the primary route to this network fails?
ans:
The backup route to network 192.168.1.0/24 is installed in the routing table.

20. What administrative distance would a router assign to a default route in EIGRP that is learned from a source external to the autonomous system?
ans:
170

21. Refer to the exhibit. Network 192.168.0.0/28 goes down. What type of packet does Router2 immediately send to Router1 and Router3?
ans:
unicast update packets to 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.2.1

Erouting v4.0 Chapter 8

2011-02-24T00:26:00.001+07:00

Expect minimum percentage: 100%

1. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has discovered that packets destined for servers on the 172.16.254.0 network are being dropped by Router2. What command should the administrator issue to ensure that these packets are sent out the gateway of last resort, Serial 0/0/1?
ans:
ip classless

2. Refer to the exhibit. How many routes in this output qualify for use as ultimate routes?
ans:
7

3. The following entry is displayed in the routing table:

R 192.168.8.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:26, Serial0/0/1

What type of route is this?
ans:
a level 1 ultimate network route

4. Refer to the exhibit. The graphic contains partial contents of the routing table on router E. Router E is running version 12.3 of the IOS and is configured for default routing behavior. Router E receives a packet to forward. Which route in the routing table will be searched first and why?
ans:
172.16.0.0/25 because it is the first level 1 route

5. Refer to the exhibit. A packet destined for host 128.107.0.5/16 is processed by the JAX router. After finding the static route in the routing table that matches the destination network for this packet, what does the router do next?
ans:
performs a recursive lookup to find the exit interface used to forward the packet

6. A network is converged and the routing tables are complete. When a packet needs to be forwarded, what is the first criterion used to determine the best path in the routing table?
ans:
the route with the longest address and mask match to the destination

7. Refer to the exhibit. Router1 is running IOS version 12.2. What will the network administrator need to do so that packets for unknown child routes of 172.16.0.0/24 will not be dropped?
ans:
do nothing, ip classless is on by default

8. Refer to the exhibit. Router B receives a packet with a destination address of 10.16.1.97. What will router B do?
ans:
use the default route

9. Refer to the exhibit. What protocol was used to distribute the routing information for the network 172.16.1.4?
ans:
RIPv2

10. Refer to the exhibit. What subnet mask will Router1 apply to child routes of the 172.16.0.0/24 network?
ans:
255.255.255.0

11. A route to a destination network is learned from multiple routing protocols. What is used by a Cisco router to select the preferred route to the destination that will be installed in the routing table?
ans:
administrative distance

12. What occurs when no ip classless is implemented on the router?
ans:
The router will assume it has knowledge of all subnets in the network and will not search beyond child routes for a better match.

13. Refer to the exhibit. Router1 has been issued the ip classless command. What happens to packets destined to host 172.16.3.10?
ans:
forward out interface Serial0/0/1

14. Refer to the exhibit. With the ip classless command issued, what will router R2 do with a packet destined for host 172.16.4.234?
ans:
send packet out Serial 0/0/1

15. Refer to the exhibit. What parent network will automatically be included in the routing table when the three subnets are configured on Router1?
ans:
172.16.0.0/16

16. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement correctly describes this network?
ans:
There is at least one parent and one child route

17. Refer to the exhibit. What can be determined from this output?
ans:
All of the routes listed are network routes.

18. What determines if the router implements a classless route lookup process?
ans:
The command ip classless is enabled on the router.

Erouting v4.0 Chapter 7

2011-02-24T00:25:00.001+07:00

Expect minimum percentage: 100%

1. Refer to the exhibit. If all routers are running RIP version 2, why is there no route for the 192.168.1.32/27 network?
ans:
Rip version 2 will auto summarize routes by default.

2. What are two reasons to implement RIP version 2 rather than RIP version 1? (Choose two.)
ans:
RIP version 2 supports VLSM.
RIP version 2 supports routing update authentication.

3. Refer to the exhibit. RIPv1 is configured as the routing protocol for the network that is shown. The following commands are used on each router:
router rip
network 10.0.0.0
network 172.16.0.0
When this configuration is complete, users on the LAN of each router are unable to access the remote LANs. Why?
ans:
RIPv1 is unable to route to discontiguous subnets of a major network.

4. Refer to the exhibit. What effect will the commands that are shown have on RIP updates for Router1?
ans:
Only version 2 updates are sent to 224.0.0.9.

5. Refer to the exhibit. A technician needs to add a new loopback interface to test routing functionality and network design. The technician enters the following set of commands on the router:
Sanford(config)# interface loopback1
Sanford(config-if)# ip address 192.168.6.62 255.255.255.252
Why does the router respond with an error?
ans:
The network address for Loopback1 overlaps with an already configured interface address.

6. What is the maximum network diameter permitted by the default metric of RIPv2?
ans:
15 hops

7. Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running RIP version 2. JAX is configured to just advertise the 10.0.0.0/24 network. CHI is configured to advertise the 172.16.0.0/16 network. A network administrator enters the commands shown in the exhibit. What changes will occur in this network?
ans:
The CHI router will install a route to the 192.168.0.0/16 network in its routing table.

8. Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the output shown in the exhibit?
ans:
The no auto-summary has not been configured on this router.

9. Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running RIPv1. What changes will occur in the routing table of router B if a loopback interface with an address of 10.16.1.129/27 is configured on router B?
ans:
A connected route to the 10.16.1.128/27 network is added.

10. How are RIP v1 and RIP v2 similar to one another? (Choose three.)
ans:
They both use hop count as a metric.
They both have the same metric value for infinite distance.
They both use split horizon to prevent routing loops.

11. RIPv2 is the configured routing protocol on the routers in a network. The command Router(config-router)# no version 2 is entered on the routers. What effect does entering this command have on routing updates?
ans:
Version 1 and 2 updates will be received and the version 2 updates will not be sent.

12. A network administrator installed four new routers that are running RIPv2. Router1 is a boundary router in the RIPv2 network and has a default route configured. Once the network has converged, the network administrator enters Router1(config-router)# default-information originate on Router1. How will this affect the network?
ans:
propagates the default route to all routers in the network

13. Refer to the exhibit. The exhibited network contains a mixture of Cisco and non-Cisco routers. The command debug ip rip was entered on the JAX router. All routers are running the same version of RIP. Router CHI and Router ORL are not able to reach the 192.168.1.16/28 network. What is a possible solution to this problem?
ans:
Configure RIPv2 on routers.

14. Refer to the exhibit. Which command on which router will allow Router1 to learn about the 192.168.0.0/20 network?
ans:
Router2(config-router)# version 2

15. A network administrator has been told that the company IP address infrastructure must adhere to RFC 1918. What three IP address ranges from RFC 1918 could the administrator use on the network? (Choose three.)
ans:
10.0.0.0/8
172.16.0.0/12
192.168.0.0/16

16. Refer to the exhibit. Routers East and West are configured using RIPv1. Both routers are sending updates about their directly connected routes. The East router can ping the West router serial interface and West can ping the serial interface of East. However, neither router has dynamically learned routes from the other. What is most likely the problem?
ans:
VLSM is not supported by RIPv1.

17. Refer to the exhibit. Which command will allow Router2 to learn about the 192.168.16.0/28 network?
ans:
Router1(config-router)# network 192.168.16.0

18. What field was added to the RIP message header by RFC 1723 to add support for VLSM and CIDR?
ans:
subnet mask

19. What are two functions of the network command used when configuring routing protocols? (Choose two.)
ans:
identifies which networks will be included in the routing updates
determines which interfaces can send and receive routing updates

Erouting v4.0 Chapter 6

2011-02-24T00:24:00.000+07:00

Expect minimum percentage: 100%

1. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator wants to create a subnet for the point-to-point connection between the two routers. Which subnetwork mask would provide enough addresses for the point-to-point link with the least number of wasted addresses?
ans:
255.255.255.252

2. An additional subnet is required for a new Ethernet link between Router1 and Router2 as shown in the diagram. Which of the following subnet addresses can be configured in this network to provide a maximum of 14 useable addresses for this link while wasting the fewest addresses?
ans:
192.1.1.224/28

3. Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer is summarizing the two groups of routes on router R1 shown in the exhibit. Which summarization will work for all the subnets?
ans:
192.168.0.0/21

4. What is a supernet?
ans:
a summarization of serveral IP classful networks into one IP address range

5. In the network shown in the graphic, three bits were borrowed from the host portion of a Class C address. How many valid host addresses will be unused on the three point-to-point links combined if VLSM is not used?
ans:
84

6. What does VLSM allow a network administrator to do?
ans:
utilize multiple subnet masks in the same IP address space

7. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator wants to minimize the number of entries in Router1’s routing table. What should the administrator implement on the network?
ans:
CIDR

8. Refer to the exhibit. A network technician enters the static route in R1 needed to reach network 10.1.1.0/24. A ping from the S0/0/0 interface on R1 to host B fails. The technician begins testing the network and has the following results:
1. pings from R1 to the S0/0/0 interface on R2....successful
2. pings from R1 to the Fa0/0 interface on R2....successful
3. pings from host B to hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 network....successful
4. pings from host B to the Fa0/0 interface on R2....successful
5. pings from R2 to host B....successful.
What is the likely cause of the failure of the ping from R1 to host B?
ans:
The default gateway on host B is not correctly set.

9. Which three interior routing protocols support VLSM? (Choose three.)
ans:
OSPF
RIP v2
EIGRP

10. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator needs to create two subnetworks from 10.0.0.0/8 for a router running RIPv2. The Admin subnet requires 120 hosts and the Sales subnet requires 58 hosts. The network administrator assigned 10.0.1.128/25 to the Admin subnet. The Sales subnet is given 10.0.1.192/26. What will be the result of this addressing scheme?
ans:
The subnets overlap and will be rejected by the router.

11. Which of the following are contained in the routing updates of classless routing protocols? (Choose two.)
ans:
32-bit address
subnet mask

12. A Class C address has been assigned for use in the network shown in the graphic. Using VLSM, which bit mask should be used to provide for the number of host addresses required on Router A, while wasting the fewest addresses?
ans:
/27

13. Refer to the exhibit. The number of required host addresses for each subnet in a network is listed in the exhibit. This number includes the host address requirements for all router ports and hosts on that subnet. After all device and router port address assignments are determined, what will be the total number of unused host addresses available?
ans:
29

14. What two advantages does CIDR provide to a network? (Choose two.)
ans:
reduced routing table size
reduced routing update traffic

15. A network administrator is tasked with dividing up a class C network among the QA, Sales, and Administration departments. The QA department is made up of 10 people, the Sales is made up of 28 people, and the Administration has 6. Which two subnets masks adequately address the QA and Sales departments? (Choose two.)
ans:
255.255.255.224 for Sales
255.255.255.240 for QA

16. Refer to the exhibit. In the network that is shown, the router interfaces are assigned the first address in each subnet. Which IP address would be usable for a host on one of the LANs in this network?
ans:
192.168.2.130/25

17. Refer to the exhibit. Which address is a broadcast address for one of the subnets that are shown in the exhibit?
ans:
192.168.4.15/29

18. Refer to the exhibit. What subnet mask will be applied by router B when it receives a RIPv1 update for the network 172.16.1.0?
ans:
24

19. Which of the following problems does VLSM help to alleviate?
ans:
the shortage of IP addresses

20. A router has a summary route to network 192.168.32.0/20 installed in its routing table. What range of networks are summarized by this route?
ans:
192.168.32.0 – 192.168.47.0/24

Erouting v4.0 Chapter 5

2011-02-24T00:23:00.000+07:00

Expect minimum percentage: 94.9%

1. Refer to the exhibit. The Ethernet interface on Router2 goes down and the administrator notices that the route is still valid in the routing table of Router1. How much longer will it take for Router1 to mark the route invalid by setting the metric to 16?
ans:
155 seconds

2. Refer to the exhibit. Router1 and Router2 are running the RIPv1 protocol. The network administrator configures the command network 10.1.0.0 on Router1. What network will Router1 advertise to Router2?
ans:
10.0.0.0/8

3. Refer to the exhibit. Router1 is running RIPv1. What command was entered into Router1 to configure the gateway of last resort?
ans:
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0/1

4. Refer to the exhibit. All routers that are shown are running the RIP routing protocol. All unknown IP traffic must be forwarded to the ISP. What router or set of routers are recommended to have both a default route and the default-information originate command issued to implement this forwarding policy?
ans:
only the gateway router

5. Refer to the exhibit. All routers are configured with valid interface addresses in the indicated networks and are running RIPv1. The network is converged. Which routes are present in the routing tables?
ans:
All routers have all /30 routes. Routers B and D also have some of the /24 routes in their routing table.

6. Refer to the exhibit. A network consists of multiple routers. What can be verified when the show ip protocols command is issued on one of the routers in the network?
ans:
routing protocol configuration in use for IP on this router

7. Which two statements are true regarding the characteristics of RIPv1? (Choose two).
ans:
It is a distance vector routing protocol.
The data portion of a RIP message is encapsulated into a UDP segment.

8. The following line was displayed in the output of the show ip route command.
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:30, Serial0/0
What is the value of the routing metric?
ans:
3

9. Which of the following is considered a limitation of RIP v1?
ans:
RIP v1 does not send subnet mask information in its updates.

10. What are three characteristics of the RIPv1 routing protocol? (Choose three.)
ans:
uses hop count as a metric
considers a metric of 16 as infinity
calculates metrics using the Bellman Ford algorithm

11. Refer to the exhibit. The network that is shown is running RIPv1. The 192.168.10.0/24 network was recently added and will only contain end users. What command or set of commands should be entered on Router1 to prevent RIPv1 updates from being sent to the end user devices on the new network while still allowing this new network to be advertised to other routers?
ans:
Router1(config-router)# passive-interface fastethernet 0/0

12. Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the routing table output of router B?
ans:
The default-information originate command has been entered on A.

13. Which command will display RIP activity as it occurs on a router?
ans:
debug ip rip

14. Refer to the exhibit. All routers in the exhibit are running RIP v1. The network administrator issues the show ip route command on router A. What routes would appear in the routing table output if the network is converged? (Choose two).
ans:
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1]
R 10.10.1.0/24 [120/2]

15. What is the default update period in seconds for the RIP routing protocol?
ans:
30

16. Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the output of the show ip route command?
ans:
There are two equal cost paths to network 172.16.100.128.

17. Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the output of the show ip route command?
ans:
RouterB(config)# router rip
RouterB(config-router)# network 198.16.4.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 210.36.7.0
RouterB(config-router)# network 220.17.29.0

18. What will happen if an interface IP address is entered for the address portion of the network command in a RIPv1 configuration instead of a network address?
ans:
All interfaces in the same classful network as the configured address will be included in the RIPv1 routing process.

19. Which command or set of commands will stop the RIP routing process?
ans:
RouterB(config)# no router rip

Erouting v4.0 Chapter 4

2011-02-24T00:22:00.000+07:00

Expect minimum percentage: 100%

1. What does the RIP holddown timer do?
ans:
instructs routers to ignore updates, for a specified time or event, about possible inaccessible routes

2. What metric does the RIP routing protocol consider to be infinity?
ans:
16

3. What is a routing loop?
ans:
a condition where a packet is constantly transmitted within a series of routers without ever reaching its intended destination

4. Which two statements are true regarding the function of the RIPv1 routing updates? (Choose two).
ans:
updates are broadcast at regular intervals
broadcasts are sent to 255.255.255.255

5. Which of the following can exist in a distance vector network that has not converged? (Choose three.)
ans:
routing loops
inconsistent traffic forwarding
inconsistent routing table entries

6. Refer to the exhibit. What path will packets from the 192.168.1.0/24 network travel to reach the 10.0.0.0/8 network if RIP is the active routing protocol?
ans:
The path will be router A -> router D -> router E.

7. What is the purpose of the TTL field in the IP header?
ans:
limits the time or hops that a packet can traverse through the network before it should be discarded

8. Which two conditions are most likely to cause a routing loop? (Choose two.)
ans:
inconsistent routing tables
incorrectly configured static routes

9. Refer to the exhibit. If all routers are using RIP, how many rounds of updates will occur before all routers know all networks?
ans:
3

10. The graphic shows a network that is configured to use RIP routing protocol. Router2 detects that the link to Router1 has gone down. It then advertises the network for this link with a hop count metric of 16. Which routing loop prevention mechanism is in effect?
ans:
route poisoning

11. Refer to the exhibit. The routers in this network are running RIP. Router A has not received an update from Router B in over three minutes. How will Router A respond?
ans:
The Invalid timer will mark the route as unusable if an update has not been received in 180 seconds.

12. What actions will occur after RouterA loses connectivity to network 114.125.16.0? (Choose two.)
ans:
RouterB will include network 123.92.76.0 and 136.125.85.0 in its update to RouterA.
Router C will learn of the loss of connectivity to network 114.125.16.0 from RouterB.

13. Three routers running a distance-vector routing protocol lost all power, including the battery backups. When the routers reload, what will happen?
ans:
They will send updates that include only directly connected routes to their directly connected neighbors.

14. Which statement is true regarding cisco’s RIP_JITTER variable?
ans:
It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by subtracting a random length of time ranging from 0% to 15% of the specified interval time from the next routing update interval.

15. Which of the following methods does split horizon use to reduce incorrect routing information?
ans:
Information learned from one source is not distributed back to that source.

16. A network administrator is evaluating RIP versus EIGRP for a new network. The network will be sensitive to congestion and must respond quickly to topology changes. What are two good reasons to choose EIGRP instead of RIP in this case? (Choose two.)
ans:
EIGRP only updates affected neighbors.
EIGRP updates are partial.

17. Which two statements describe EIGRP? (Choose two.)
ans:
EIGRP sends triggered updates whenever there is a change in topology that influences the routing information.
EIGRP sends a partial routing table update, which includes just routes that have been changed.

18. Which three routing protocols are distance vector routing protocols? (Choose three).
ans:
RIPv1
EIGRP
RIPv2

19. Which of the following statements are correct about RIP?
ans:
will send out an update if there is a failure of a link

20. Which event will cause a triggered update?
ans:
a route is installed in the routing table

Erouting v4.0 Chapter 3

2011-02-24T00:21:00.000+07:00

Expect minimum percentage: 100%

1) Refer to the exhibit. Which statement correctly describes how R1 will determine the best path to R2?
ans:
R1 will install an EIGRP route using network B in its routing table because the administrative distance of EIGRP is lower than RIP.

2) Which two statements are true regarding classless routing protocols? (Choose two.)
ans:
sends subnet mask information in routing updates
allows for use of both 192.168.1.0/30 and 192.168.1.16/28 subnets in the same topology

3) Which command would the network administrator issue to determine if load balancing is in effect on a router?
ans:
show ip route

4) Which statement is true regarding routing protocols?
ans:
EIGRP uses DUAL to calculate the shortest path and can be configured to do unequal cost load balancing.

5) An engineer creates a static route by entering the Router(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 command. What can be concluded about this route?
ans:
The administrative distance of this route is 1.

6) Which two conditions would create a setting where the use of a distance-vector routing protocol would be efficient? (Choose two.)
ans:
the network is using a hub and spoke topology
the network is using a flat design

7) Refer to the exhibit. If RIP is the routing protocol, what is the value of the metric from router A to network 192.168.5.0/24?
ans:
3

8) What is the purpose of a routing protocol?
ans:
It allows a router to share information about known networks with other routers.

9) Which two statements correctly describe the concepts of administrative distance and metric? (Choose two.)
ans:
Administrative distance refers to the trustworthiness of a particular route.
Routes with the smallest metric to a destination indicate the best path.

10)Which of the following best describes the operation of distance vector routing protocols?
ans:
They send their routing tables to directly connected neighbors.

11) Which of the following is associated with link-state routing protocols?
ans:
shortest-path first calculations

12) The following line of code is displayed in a routing table:
R 209.165.201.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.252.2, 00:00:16, S0/0/0
What can be concluded from this output?
ans:
The value, 120, is used to determine the best path when a router has more than one routing protocol configured for the same destination network.

13) Why is fast convergence desirable in networks that use dynamic routing protocols?
ans:
Routers may make incorrect forwarding decisions until the network has converged.

14) Which of the following conditions must be met in order for a network to have converged
ans:
The routers in the network are operating with consistent routing knowledge.

15) Which two statements are true regarding the advantages of the use of static routes? (Choose two).

increased security
the administrator maintains control over routing

16) Which two statements are true regarding metrics? (Choose two.)
ans:
EIGRP uses bandwidth as a metric.
OSPF uses cost based on bandwidth as a metric.

17) What will be the result of the following commands?
ORL(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
ORL(config-if)# ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
ORL(config-if)# no shutdown
ans:
A routing table entry is made to the 172.16.3.0 network with a code of "C".

18) Refer to the exhibit. Router1 and Router2 are running EIGRP. All interfaces are operational and packets can be forwarded between all networks. What information will be found in the routing table for Router1?
ans:
The administrative distance of the route to network 172.16.0.0 will be 90.

19) A growing medium-sized manufacturing company recently began to have routing instability issues. The company uses static routes and has a mixture of over 30 Cisco and non-Cisco routers. The network administrator has decided to convert the network to dynamic routing. What characteristics of protocols should be considered in this selection process?
ans:
OSPF can be used between the routers.

20) A router learns two paths with equal metrics to a destination network via the RIP routing protocol. How will the router handle packets to the destination network?
ans:
The router will install both routes in the routing table and load balance between the two.

21) The following line of code is present in the routing table:
O 10.16.1.0/27 [110/129] via 192.168.1.5, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/1
What does the number 129 indicate in this output?
ans:
The cost for this link has a value of 129.

22) When multiple routing protocols have a route to the same destination network, what determines which route is installed in the routing table?
ans:
lowest administrative distance

Erouting v4.0 Chapter 2

2011-02-24T00:19:00.002+07:00

Expect minimum percentage: 100%

1. Refer to the exhibit. Given the output in the exhibit, how would a clock rate be determined for this link?
ans:
The rate configured on the DCE determines the clock rate

2. Which piece of information is available from examining the output of the command show ip interface brief?
ans:
Interface IP address

3. Refer to the exhibit. Which set of commands will configure static routes that will allow the WinterPark and the Altamonte routers to deliver packets from each LAN and direct all other traffic to the Internet?
ans:
WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1

4. The output of the Router# show interfaces serial 0/1 command displays the following:

Serial0/1 is up, line protocol is down.

What is the most likely cause for the line protocol being down?
ans:
No clock rate has been set

5. Which two statements describe functions or characteristics of CDP? (Choose two.)
ans:
It starts up automatically and allows the device to detect directly connected neighbor devices that use CDP
It allows systems to learn about each other even if different network layer protocols are configured.

6. What happens to a static route entry in a routing table when the outgoing interface is not available?
ans:
The route is removed from the table.

7. What happens to a static route entry in a routing table when the outgoing interface is not available?
ans:
The route is removed from the table

8. The routers in the diagram use the subnet assignments shown. What is the most efficient route summary that can be configured on Router3 to advertise the internal networks to the cloud?
ans:
192.1.1.0/25

9.Refer to the exhibit. What is the significance of the /8 in the route to the 10.0.0.0 network?
ans:
It indicates the number of consecutive bits, from the left, in the destination IP address of a packet that must match 10.0.0.0 to use that route

10. A router has one static route configured to each destination network. Which two scenarios would require an administrator to alter the static routes that are configured on that router? (Choose two.)
ans:
The destination network no longer exists.
A topology change occurs where the existing next-hop address or exit interface is not accessible.

11. Refer to the exhibit. A company network engineer is assigned to establish connectivity between the two Ethernet networks so that hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 subnet can contact hosts on the 10.1.2.0/24 subnet. The engineer has been told to use only static routing for these company routers. Which set of commands will establish connectivity between the two Ethernet networks?
ans:
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1

12. What two devices are responsible for converting the data from the WAN service provider into a form acceptable by the router? (Choose two).
ans: a modem
a CSU/DSU device

13.Which of the following is true regarding CDP and the graphic shown?
ans:
By default, Router A will receive CDP advertisements from routers B and C.

14. Refer to the exhibit. How will packets destined to the 172.16.0.0 network be forwarded?
ans:
Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/0.

15. Refer to the exhibit. What two commands will change the next-hop address for the 10.0.0.0/8 network from 172.16.40.2 to 192.168.1.2? (Choose two.)
ans:
A(config)# no ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.2

16. A static route that points to the next hop IP will have what administrative distance and metric in the routing table?
ans:
administrative distance of 1 and metric of 0

17. Hosts on two separate subnets cannot communicate. The network administrator suspects a missing route in one of the routing tables. Which three commands can be used to help troubleshoot Layer 3 connectivity issues? (Choose three.)
ans:
ping
traceroute
show ip route

18. Which of the following are displayed by the Router# show cdp neighbors command? (Choose three.)
ans:
platform
holdtime
local interface

19. A network administrator enters the following command into Router1: ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 S0/1/0. Router1 then receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.0.22/24. After finding the recently configured static route in the routing table, what does Router1 do next to process the packet?
ans:
encapsulates the packet into a frame for the WAN link and forwards the packet out the S0/1/0 interface

20. Refer to the exhibit. Which static route should be configured on Router1 so that host A will be able to reach host B on the 172.16.0.0 network?
ans:
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/0

21. Refer to the exhibit. What two commands are required to provide connectivity between the 192.168.1.0 and 10.0.0.0 networks without requiring recursive lookup? (Choose two.)
ans:
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/1/0
B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/0/0

22. Which address can be used to summarize networks 172.16.0.0/24 thru 172.16.7.0/24?
ans:
172.16.0.0/21

23. Why is it advisable to enter a next-hop IP address when creating a static route whose exit interface is an Ethernet network?
ans:
In a multi-access network, the router cannot determine the next-hop MAC address for the Ethernet frame without a next-hop address.

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